There are 2 main paths for entering the US labor market once you graduate from your course of study and have the right to work in the US:

• Internships
• Direct entry

 

Many large employers offer internship programs that allow you to gain experience through intensive training and development.  You may also receive extra funding from your employer for additional professional training.

It's becoming more and more common that graduates find employment that is unrelated to their degree subject. What's important to employers is that you can learn and apply your skills to the job.  These training programs can involve a lot of extra study outside normal working hours and may also include demanding professional exams.  If professional qualifications are not necessary, the training is less likely to involve academic elements.

 

Many jobs require the specialist knowledge you gained through your studies.  When you apply for a job that is not part of any graduate training program and uses the knowledge you gained during your studies, we refer to that as direct entry.  Some on-the-job training may be required and may involve steps to allow you to qualify to be registered with a professional body.  An increasing amount of graduates are finding positions in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), where the direct entry method is commonly used.

 

Employers tend to use a 4-stage process to recruit new employees:

1. Submission of an application and/or Résumé and covering letter in response to a job advertisement.
2. Preliminary interview, most likely over the phone.
3. Interview and selection procedure
4. Job offer or letter of rejection

Employers' websites and recruitment materials usually outline the process they use to recruit new employees.  Note that for SMEs, the process can be less structured, involving just one interview.  Career Management Services can also advise you on recruitment methods used by companies when recruiting from FIU.

 

Selection procedures can vary widely among employers and countries and procedures may also depend on how easy it is for employers to visit campus for recruitment.  Interviews and assessment centers involving a wide range of tests may be used.  You may also find that companies will send representatives to the US to recruit for their offices elsewhere.  You may interview with both a US representative and a visiting one.

If an employer does not offer you a position in the US, you may be asked to contact them on your return to your home country.  If they only have a few vacancies, they may choose to do selection for local candidates, rather than fly into the US to recruit for offices abroad.  Your application may be more readily considered back home given that you went through the process here in the US.

 

If you are lucky enough to get offered a job while you are still in the US, it may also have some conditions attached, such as:

• Good final exam grades
• Passing a medical examination
• Work visa approval from immigration

When you get the letter with your offer of employment, you should always check it very carefully to ensure the job title, job description, terms and conditions are accurate.  If there is anything included in the offer that you don't understand or weren't award of, contact the company before you accept it.

If your offer is for a country other than your own, check that the conditions will cover things like healthcare, relocation costs, minimum employment periods, and if appropriate, any short term accommodation assistance.

 

Graduate recruitment happens all year round, however there are peaks in employer recruiting activities from September to November and again from January to March. During these times, employers come on campus and host Information Sessions and may even conduct preliminary interviews, as well as participate in the university career fairs.  You can find out more about career fairs, employer visits, interviews and other events from Career Management Services.

• Websites - see Further Resources section for a list.
  There are many websites listing job vacancies, from job board sites such as Monster or Career Builder to the careers sections on company websites

• Speculative applications
  An alternative approach is to submit a speculative application to employers you are interested in.  These applications involve sending your Résumé and cover letter to your company of interest asking them to consider you for upcoming positions that fit your profile.
  

For more information and advice, please contact Career Management Services.

 

There are several different avenues to explore when looking for vacancies in other countries:

• The internet - all global companies and organizations, many government agencies and an increasing number of SMEs have websites that include a Careers section.  You can use search engines, such as Google to locate specific employers and vacancies in your chosen countries.
• An increasing number of graduate recruitment publications are including overseas opportunities.
• Career Management Services has international job-seeking resources available for you, and some overseas employers may also hold Information Sessions and interviews on campus.
• Career Fairs also attract global organizations and provide a good opportunity for your networking.
• Embassies and High Commissions usually provide information about jobs in their countries.
• Newspapers and professional journals can be useful resources for specialist vacancies abroad.
• Recruitment agencies such as MBAjobs (www.mbajobs.net) and OverseasJobs.com (www.overseasjobs.com) are a popular resource for finding temporary and permanent positions abroad.  You should not pay money to an agency for help in finding jobs.
• Develop and use your network of contacts that includes your family, friends, professors and colleagues.  You should be prepared to brief them on your educational and working backgrounds.
• Contact overseas employers by sending speculative applications using your Résumé or CV and your cover letter.
• Contact alumni associations in your countries of interest.
• Consider the possibility of visiting your chosen country on a tourist visa, allowing you to network.  Ensure you follow immigration rules when you do apply for any jobs.

 

Many international students, even if they want to pursue an international career, will return to their home country to get started in their careers, as this is most often the easiest and quickest way.

Whether you are looking to start your career in your home country or in another country outside the US, you will still need to:

• Contact Career Management Services for information and advice on your country or countries of choice.
• Research job-hunting strategies for those countries.
• Clarify work permit and visa requirements
• Find out any requirements and opportunities directly from employer websites
• Consider your flexibility for trying to find short or long term employment

Short term employment
Many companies offer short term assignments to foreign workers for a fixed period stated in the employment contract.  If you receive an offer like this, it is important that you take the time to fully understand the conditions that go along with the offer.

Longer contracts and emigration
Some countries have special agreements for immigration regarding specialty occupations where these is a shortage of qualified people.  These agreements allow foreign job seekers to enter the country on a work visa with the option of becoming a permanent resident after a given number of years.

 

The first thing you should do is to check for graduate recruitment services back at your undergraduate institution in your home country.  You may find that career services at local universities are still willing to give you information and advice on opportunities back home.  There are some further points of contact that you may want to explore in your search:

• Local professional organizations, chambers and societies for business, science, medical services, accountancy and law.
• The American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham), if they have an office in you country
• Government departments, import/export businesses, travel companies and multinational companies may also be useful sources of information and international opportunities in you home country.

 

Most countries around the world have immigration procedures and policies that require foreign workers to apply for a work permit or employment visa.  Usually, you need to have an employer who is prepared to offer you a job and support your immigration request.  Most countries require applicants to be outside the country before they apply.  You may be refused permission if you do not follow immigration rules carefully.  You should consult the relevant embassy or high commission of the country or countries you are interested in for more information.

 

Do your research:

• Find out the timetable for graduate recruitment in your target country or countries
• Familiarize yourself with immigration and language requirements
• Research job application methods - online, Résumé, CV, application form - as well as the presentation styles specific to the country

Going Global and Prospect's country database will help you in your research phase and provide you with useful tips and advice.  Information is included for 50+ countries and explores issues such as visa and language requirements, vacancy sources, work placements and applying for jobs.

Prepare relevant documentation:

• Have photocopies of your main academic transcripts and certificates as they are often required as part of your employee paperwork.  Some employers may ask for certified copies.  In this instance, you should contact your university department for more information.
• Photocopies of your birth certificate and passport may be required for some of the countries you apply to.
• Ensure you always send your documents to the address the company has given you.  They may have recruitment service centers that process all applications, in which case you will be asked to send your documents to a different address from the main office.
• Application acknowledgements usually take several weeks to come through, although some companies don't acknowledge the receipt of applications.

 

You will need to do research on global companies operating in the industries you are interested in.  Here are some resources to help you find out more about international companies and careers:

• Going Global (free to students registered in the CMS database)
• American Chamber of Commerce (www.uschamber.com/international) website
• Embassy websites
• Alumni associations and departments
• Career Management Services

 

As an international student, you may want to gather your references from people who can comment on your academic and work experience and performance before you leave the US. 

You may also want to ensure that you have joined any professional organizations or associations and subscribed to any websites or professional magazines to keep yourself updated on your industries of interest.

You are responsible for making relocation arrangements for yourself such as flights, shipping your belongings, insurance and financial arrangements, unless your job offer included relocation support.

 

Career Management Services can offer you advice and help with your applications and any selection process you are involved in.  International career websites will also give you some advice on applications, Résumés or CVs and interviews for particular countries you are interested in.

 

Publications
Directory of American Firms Operating in Foreign Countries, Uniworld Business Publications
Directory of Foreign Firms Operating in the US, Uniworld Business Publications
Directory of Jobs and Careers Abroad, Vacation Work Publications
The Global Résumé and CV Guide, Wiley - John & Sons Ltd
Live and Work in...Series, Vacation Work Publications
Living and Working in...Series, How To Books Ltd
Vault Guide to International Careers, Vault Inc.
Which MBA? A Critical Guide to the World's Best MBAs, Pearson Education
Working Abroad: The Complete Guide to Overseas Employment, Kogan Page

Websites
American Immigration Information www.us-immigration.com
Asia search firm for IT, banking and finance www.jobaccess.com
Association of International Educators www.nafsa.org
Association of International Practical Training (AIPT) www.aipt.org
Australia job search www.byron.com.au
Career Management Services http://careers.fiu.edu
Career site for English-Japanese bilinguals www.careerforum.net
Council on International Educational Exchange www.ciee.org
Country profiles and job postings www.escapeartist.com
European Business Directory www.europages.com
European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu
European job mobility portal http://ec.europa.eu/eures/home.jsp
European job opportunities www.eurograduate.com
European job opportunities www.eurojobs.com
Global job postings for bilinguals www.bilingual-jobs.com
GWU Gelman Library resources www.gwu.edu/gelman/guides/social/country.html
H1 Base Inc. Research & Data Management Group www.h1base.com
H1 Visa Jobs www.h1visajobs.com
Hobsons Graduate Employment and Training, http://www.get.hobsons.co.uk
IELTS (International English Language Testing System), http://www.ielts.org
International Careers Consortium (ICC) www.intlcareers.org
International Careers Employment Weekly www.internationaljobs.org
International Job Search www.jobpilot.com
International MBA web resources www.foreignmba.com
International Student and Study Abroad resource center www.internationalstudent.com
Irish job vacancies www.exp.ie
Latin America jobs for MBA students and alumni www.latinmba.com
Latin America's Professional Network www.latpro.com
MBAjobs, http://www.mbajobs.net
Monster International www.monster.com/geo/siteselection.asp
National Society of Hispanic MBAs www.nshmba.org
Next Step Partners www.neststeppartners.com
OverseasJobs.com, http://www.overseasjobs.com
PlanetRecruit, http://www.planetrecruit.com
Prospects Graduate, http://www.prospects.ac.uk/links/graduate
UK Graduate Careers website www.prospects.ac.uk
UK and global vacancies www.jobsite.co.uk
UN and other International Organizations www.state.gov/p/io/empl/11079.htm
US Citizenship and Immigration Services www.uscis.gov